If clause (conditional sentences)

a) Future-possible condition

Sugere uma situação possível de se realizar.

If you study, you’ll pass the exams.

Se você estudar, passará nos exames.

If it doesn’t rain, we can go to the beach.

Se não chover, podemos ir à praia.

1.         if clause          +          main clause

oração condicional                oração principal

simples present                 simple future

If John has time,       he will help us.

simples present                       simple future

2.         if clause          +          main clause

simples present                 imperative

If you meet him,        tell him I love him.

If he feels better,       don’t call the doctor.

simples present                       imperative

b) Present-unreal condition

Sugere uma situação irreal, improvável.

If Tom had money, he would go abroad.

Se Tom tivesse dinheiro, iria ao exterior.

Significa que Tom não tem dinheiro.

If I knew him,           I would talk to him.

simple past                             simple conditional

if clause          +          main clause

simple past                      simple conditional

Nota

Simple conditional tense

auxiliar would + verbo no infinitivo sem o to

I would go

you would go

he would go

Attention!

O simple past do verbo to be em if clauses é assim conjugado:

If I, you, he, we, they were (se eu, tu, … fosse, fosses, …)

If I were the President, I would help the poor.

c) Past-ureal condition

Sugere condições hipotéticas ou irreais no passado.

If Peter had studied, he would have passed.

Se Pedro tivesse estudado (mas não estudou), teria passado.

If i had seen you,      I would have talked to you.

past perfect                            conditional perfect

if clause          +          main clause

past perfect                     conditional perfect

Nota

Condition perfect tense

auxiliar have (no condicional) + verbo no past participle

I would have gone

you would have gone

he would have gone